Dermatologist: Career and Salary Facts

Dermatology is a medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatologists care for patients of all ages, from children with eczema to adults managing acne or skin cancer.

Some dermatologists also perform cosmetic procedures that help improve skin health and appearance, such as chemical peels or laser treatments. Whether in a hospital or private practice, these specialists play a key role in both medical and aesthetic care. This article explains what dermatologists do, their education requirements, and what salary you can expect in this rewarding field.

What Does a Dermatologist Do?

Dermatologists specialize in diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the skin, hair, and nails. They help patients manage a wide range of issues, including acne, eczema, psoriasis, infections, and even serious conditions like skin cancer. Each day may involve physical exams, patient consultations, and developing personalized treatment plans.

In addition to diagnosing problems, dermatologists perform various medical procedures. These can include mole removals, biopsies, cryotherapy, and minor surgeries to remove growths or suspicious lesions. Many also prescribe medications or topical treatments to control inflammation, prevent infection, or improve overall skin health.

Some dermatologists focus on cosmetic care, helping patients enhance their appearance and confidence. They perform treatments like Botox injections, laser therapy, and chemical peels to reduce signs of aging or correct discoloration. This blend of medical and aesthetic work makes dermatology one of the most diverse and in-demand specialties in health care.

Types of Dermatologists

Dermatology covers several areas of specialization, allowing doctors to focus on the types of skin care that interest them most. Some concentrate on diagnosing and treating diseases, while others perform surgical or cosmetic procedures. Each specialty requires medical expertise, attention to detail, and a deep understanding of patient care.

Whether they're treating chronic skin conditions or performing minimally invasive treatments, dermatologists work to keep patients healthy and confident. There are three main types of dermatologists, each playing a unique role in skin health.

Medical Dermatologists

Medical dermatologists diagnose and treat skin diseases such as eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, and fungal infections. They often work with patients managing long-term or recurring conditions that require regular monitoring. Many collaborate with primary care physicians or specialists to ensure patients receive comprehensive treatment.

Surgical Dermatologists

Surgical dermatologists focus on removing skin cancers, cysts, and other growths through outpatient procedures. They may also perform reconstructive surgeries to repair tissue after cancer removal or injury. Precision, steady hands, and careful attention to cosmetic results are essential parts of their work.

Cosmetic Dermatologists

Cosmetic dermatologists perform aesthetic treatments designed to improve appearance and boost confidence. Their services may include Botox injections, dermal fillers, microneedling, or laser therapy to smooth skin and reduce discoloration. These specialists help patients achieve healthier, younger-looking skin while maintaining medical safety and long-term care.

Education and Training Requirements for Dermatologists

Becoming a dermatologist takes years of education and clinical experience. Most aspiring dermatologists begin by earning a bachelor's degree in a science-related field such as biology, chemistry, or pre-med. Strong performance in courses like anatomy, physiology, and organic chemistry helps prepare them for medical school admission.

After completing their undergraduate studies, students attend medical school to earn a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. Medical school typically lasts four years and covers everything from general medicine to clinical rotations in various specialties.

Graduates then complete a four-year dermatology residency, where they gain hands-on experience diagnosing skin diseases, performing procedures, and managing patient care. To practice independently, dermatologists must pass the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) or Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) and earn certification through the American Board of Dermatology. In total, this process can take 12 to 14 years after high school.

How To Become a Dermatologist

Becoming a dermatologist takes time, dedication, and a passion for both science and patient care. The process includes years of education, hands-on clinical training, and board certification. Below are the main steps to help you understand the path toward this rewarding medical career.

Step 1: Earn a Bachelor's Degree

Start by completing a four-year undergraduate program in biology, chemistry, or another science-focused field. Take courses such as anatomy, physiology, and organic chemistry to prepare for medical school. Many students also gain experience through internships, lab work, or volunteering in health care settings.

Step 2: Take the MCAT and Apply to Medical School

Before entering medical school, you'll need to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). A strong score, combined with good grades and healthcare-related experience, improves your chances of acceptance. Apply to accredited programs that offer either an MD or DO degree.

Step 3: Complete Medical School

Medical school usually lasts four years and includes classroom learning and clinical rotations. Students study core subjects like pathology, pharmacology, and internal medicine before rotating through different specialties. This stage helps you confirm that dermatology is the right focus for your medical career.

Step 4: Finish a Dermatology Residency

After earning your MD or DO degree, you'll enter a dermatology residency that typically lasts four years. Residents gain supervised experience diagnosing skin disorders, performing biopsies, and managing patient treatment plans. This training also includes exposure to both medical and cosmetic dermatology.

Step 5: Obtain Licensure and Board Certification

Before practicing independently, dermatologists must earn a medical license by passing the USMLE or the COMLEX exam for DOs. They can then pursue certification from the American Board of Dermatology, which verifies their clinical skills and professionalism. Board-certified dermatologists are often preferred by employers and patients alike.

Step 6: Pursue Continuing Education

Dermatologists maintain their certification through ongoing professional development and training. Attending conferences, workshops, and advanced courses helps them stay up to date with new research and treatment techniques. Lifelong learning ensures they continue to deliver the safest and most effective care.

What Skills Do I Need To Be a Dermatologist?

Dermatologists use scientific knowledge along with strong communication and problem-solving skills to deliver quality care. They work closely with patients, often helping them manage long-term conditions or concerns that can affect confidence and well-being. The skills below are key to building trust, accuracy, and professionalism in this field.

• Attention to detail: Dermatologists must carefully examine the skin to identify subtle changes, patterns, or early signs of disease.
• Communication: Explaining diagnoses and treatment plans clearly helps patients feel comfortable and informed throughout their care.
• Manual dexterity: Performing precise procedures such as biopsies or laser treatments requires steady hands and fine motor control.
• Scientific knowledge: A deep understanding of biology, anatomy, and chemistry allows dermatologists to apply medical research to treatment decisions.
• Empathy: Many patients feel self-conscious about visible skin conditions, so compassion and reassurance are essential.
• Problem-solving: Evaluating symptoms and designing effective treatment plans demands logical thinking and adaptability.

Average Salary for Dermatologists

Dermatologists earn some of the highest salaries among medical professionals due to their specialized training and expertise. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, dermatologists earn from around $240,000 to over $500,000 per year. Income varies depending on experience, location, and whether they work in private practice, hospitals, or group clinics.

Those who own private practices or specialize in cosmetic dermatology often earn the most because of the growing demand for aesthetic treatments. Additional income can also come from consulting, teaching, or performing advanced procedures.

Job Outlook for Dermatologists

The job outlook for dermatologists remains strong as awareness of skin health continues to grow. Demand is fueled by rising skin cancer rates, an aging population, and increased interest in cosmetic treatments. Both medical and cosmetic dermatology practices need trained professionals to meet patient demand.

Opportunities are especially strong in growing cities and underserved rural areas where specialists are limited. With steady job growth and a flexible range of career paths, dermatology offers long-term stability and professional satisfaction.

FAQs About Dermatologists

Many people have questions about how to become a dermatologist, how long the process takes, and what kind of work the career involves. Below are answers to some of the most common questions about this specialty.

How Long Does It Take To Become a Dermatologist?

It takes about 12 to 14 years of education and training to become a dermatologist. This timeline includes earning a bachelor's degree, completing medical school, and finishing a dermatology residency. Board certification and licensing follow, allowing dermatologists to practice independently once all training requirements are met.

Do Dermatologists Need To Go to Medical School?

Yes, every dermatologist must complete medical school to earn either an MD or DO degree. Medical school provides the foundation for diagnosing, treating, and managing conditions that affect the skin, hair, and nails. This training also includes clinical rotations that expose students to dermatology and other medical specialties.

What's the Difference Between a Dermatologist and a Cosmetic Surgeon?

Dermatologists specialize in the medical and cosmetic care of the skin, while cosmetic surgeons perform more extensive surgical procedures that can involve multiple areas of the body. A dermatologist focuses on both health and appearance through noninvasive or minimally invasive treatments. Cosmetic surgeons, on the other hand, often perform larger reconstructive or elective surgeries.

Are Dermatologists in High Demand?

Yes, dermatologists continue to be in high demand across both medical and cosmetic fields. The growing awareness of skin cancer, aging-related care, and preventive health has increased the need for qualified specialists. New dermatologists often find strong job opportunities in rural or underserved areas where patient demand is especially high.

What Degrees Do You Need To Be a Dermatologist?

Aspiring dermatologists must earn a bachelor's degree followed by a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. They must also complete a dermatology residency to gain clinical experience. Some choose to pursue additional fellowships in areas like pediatric, surgical, or cosmetic dermatology.

Explore Dermatology Programs

If you're interested in a career helping patients achieve healthy, confident skin, start by exploring accredited dermatology-related programs on Learn.org. You can compare pre-med, biology, and medical school options to find the education path that best prepares you for a future in dermatology.