How To Become a Nurse in 2026
Learn how to become a registered nurse, including education requirements, licensing steps, career options, salaries, and financial aid for nursing programs.
Registered nurses (RNs) are essential to the healthcare system. They provide hands-on care, support patients and families, and collaborate with doctors and specialists. The job outlook is strong, and the career path offers many ways to grow professionally. Whether you're aiming to become a certified registered nurse or looking into accelerated options, we'll walk you through every step.
This article covers the educational requirements for nurses, how to get licensed, what to expect on the job, and where your nursing career can take you next. Keep reading to learn how you can begin a rewarding career as a registered nurse.
Types of Nurses: LPN, RN, and APRN
<p>The nursing profession includes several levels of licensure and responsibility. Understanding the differences can help you decide which path fits your goals and timeline. Let's take a closer look at the different ways to become a nurse.
</p>
<h3 id="section---LicensedPracticalNurseLPNLicensedVocationalNurseLVN">Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) / Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)</h3>
<p>LPNs and LVNs support patient comfort and daily care under the supervision of RNs and doctors. They take vital signs, administer medications, assist with hygiene, collect samples, and communicate changes in patient status. These entry-level nurses typically complete a one-year certificate or diploma program and must pass the NCLEX-PN to become licensed.
</p>
<p>LPNs often work in:
</p>
<ul><li>long-term care facilities
</li><li>rehabilitation centers
</li><li>private homes
</li><li>hospitals
</li></ul><h3 id="section---RegisteredNurseRN">Registered Nurse (RN)</h3>
<p>RNs provide comprehensive care to patients. Their responsibilities include assessing patient health, creating care plans, administering treatments, educating patients and families, and coordinating with other healthcare professionals. You can become an RN by earning either a two-year Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). After graduation, you must pass the NCLEX-RN for licensure.
</p>
<p>RNs are employed in diverse environments, such as:
</p>
<ul><li>hospitals
</li><li>outpatient clinics
</li><li>home health care
</li><li>schools
</li></ul><h3 id="section---AdvancedPracticeRegisteredNurseAPRN">Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)</h3>
<p>APRNs are experienced RNs who pursue graduate-level training in specialized areas of care. Nurse practitioners (NPs), nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) fall into this category. APRNs can diagnose conditions, prescribe medications, and often work independently.
</p>
<p>To become an APRN, you need a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), national certification, and state-level licensure. You'll typically earn higher salaries due to the advanced training required to be an APRN.
</p>
<p>APRNs work in:
</p>
<ul><li>hospitals
</li><li>urgent care
</li><li>private practices
</li><li>academic settings
</li></ul><h2 id="section---StepByStepGuideHowToBecomeARegisteredNurse">Step-by-Step Guide: How To Become a Registered Nurse</h2>
<p>Becoming an RN involves education, hands-on training, passing a national exam, and earning licensure. Each step is outlined below.
</p>
<h3 id="section---Step1EarnAHighSchoolDiplomaOrGED">Step 1: Earn a High School Diploma or GED</h3>
<p>Before entering a nursing program, you need a high school diploma or GED. If you're still in high school, focus on science and math courses such as biology, chemistry, anatomy, and algebra. These subjects provide the academic foundation you'll need in nursing school.
</p>
<p>If you're missing prerequisites or want to move at your own pace, <a href="https://learn.org/articles/self_paced_nursing_prerequisites_online.html">self-paced nursing prerequisites online</a> can help you get started.
</p>
<h3 id="section---Step2ChooseANursingProgram">Step 2: Choose a Nursing Program</h3>
<p>Aspiring RNs typically choose between an ADN and a BSN program. ADN programs are shorter and often more affordable, while BSN programs offer more in-depth coursework and are preferred by many employers.
</p>
<p>If you already have a bachelor's in another subject, you might consider a <a href="https://learn.org/articles/12_month_accelerated_nursing_programs.html">12-month accelerated nursing program</a>. No matter which program you choose, make sure it's accredited by ACEN or CCNE.
</p>
<h3 id="section---Step3CompleteClinicalTraining">Step 3: Complete Clinical Training</h3>
<p>Nursing programs include supervised clinical rotations in hospitals and clinics. During clinicals, you'll work directly with patients across different specialties such as pediatrics, emergency care, maternity, and geriatrics.
</p>
<p>This experience builds practical skills and prepares you to handle real-world healthcare situations. It also gives you the chance to explore different nursing environments before entering the workforce.
</p>
<h3 id="section---Step4GraduateAndApplyForLicensure">Step 4: Graduate and Apply for Licensure</h3>
<p>After earning your degree, you'll need to apply for licensure with your state board of nursing. This involves submitting transcripts, passing a background check (if required), and registering for the NCLEX-RN exam. Once approved, you'll receive an Authorization to Test (ATT) and can schedule your exam with Pearson VUE.
</p>
<h3 id="section---Step5PassTheNCLEXRNExam">Step 5: Pass the NCLEX-RN Exam</h3>
<p>The NCLEX-RN is a national exam that evaluates your readiness to practice safely and effectively as an entry-level nurse. The test is computer-adaptive, typically includes 75 to 145 questions, and covers topics like pharmacology, safety, infection control, and ethics.
</p>
<p>Most students prepare using review courses or practice tests. Once you pass, your licensure process is nearly complete.
</p>
<h3 id="section---Step6ReceiveYourRNLicense">Step 6: Receive Your RN License</h3>
<p>After passing the NCLEX-RN, your state board will issue your official RN license. This license allows you to begin working as a nurse. Most states require nurses to renew their license every two to three years and complete continuing education.
</p>
<h2 id="section---LicensingAndCertificationNCLEXAndStateRequirements">Licensing and Certification: NCLEX and State Requirements</h2>
<p>All RNs must pass the NCLEX-RN to qualify for licensure, but additional requirements vary by state. Most states require you to submit transcripts, complete a background check, and verify your identity through fingerprinting.
</p>
<p>For example, California requires applicants to take coursework in child abuse reporting and complete a full set of fingerprints through Live Scan. Texas mandates a nursing jurisprudence exam that covers state-specific laws and professional ethics. New York requires nurses to complete state-approved infection control and child abuse identification training.
</p>
<p>Many states participate in the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC), which allows nurses to practice in multiple member states with a single multistate license. If you plan to relocate or work in telehealth across state lines, holding a compact license can significantly expand your job opportunities.
</p>
<p>In addition to licensure, specialty certifications — such as in critical care (CCRN), pediatrics (CPN), or oncology (OCN) — are optional but can help you qualify for advanced roles and higher pay. These certifications typically require clinical experience and passing a separate exam through a national nursing board.
</p>
<h2 id="section---NursingSalaryAndJobOutlook">Nursing Salary and Job Outlook</h2>
<p>Nursing offers a reliable income and strong demand across the nation. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the <a href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registered-nurses.htm">average RN salary is $93,600 per year</a> as of 2024. Nurses working in government or specialty hospitals tend to earn the most.
</p>
<p>The job outlook is also promising. Employment for RNs is projected to grow by 6% between 2022 and 2032, with about 193,000 openings each year due to retirements and increased healthcare needs.
</p>
<h2 id="section---AdvanceYourNursingCareer">Advance Your Nursing Career</h2>
<p>After gaining experience, you may choose to specialize or earn an advanced degree. RN-to-BSN programs help ADN graduates earn their bachelor's degree online or in person. Graduate programs such as the MSN or DNP lead to roles in advanced practice, education, or leadership.
</p>
<p>You can also pursue certifications in specialized areas such as emergency nursing or wound care. Some nurses move into administrative roles or become nurse educators, mentors, or researchers. And if you're worried about the time commitment to achieve these credentials, accelerated nursing programs can help you fast-track these goals.
</p>
<h2 id="section---ProsAndConsOfNursing">Pros and Cons of Nursing</h2>
<p>Nursing is a meaningful but demanding profession. Many nurses experience long shifts, emotional stress, and physical strain from patient care. Staffing shortages can make the work more intense.
</p>
<p>At the same time, nurses consistently report high levels of job satisfaction. The ability to make a difference, the variety of roles and environments, and opportunities for career growth are all major rewards.
</p>
<p>As a nurse, you may face challenges such as:
</p>
<ul><li>physical and emotional fatigue
</li><li>exposure to illness or trauma
</li><li>irregular schedules or long shifts
</li></ul><p>However, you'll also see benefits such as:
</p>
<ul><li>job stability and strong demand
</li><li>meaningful relationships with patients
</li><li>opportunities to specialize and grow
</li></ul><h2 id="section---FAQsAboutHowToBecomeANurse">FAQs About How To Become a Nurse</h2>
<p>Below are answers to some of the most common questions students ask to help you prepare to start your nursing career.
</p>
<h3 id="section---HowLongDoesItTakeToBecomeARegisteredNurse">How Long Does It Take to Become a Registered Nurse?</h3>
<p>It typically takes two to four years to become an RN, depending on the program you choose. An Associate Degree in Nursing takes about two years to complete, while a Bachelor of Science in Nursing takes around four years.
</p>
<p>If you already hold a bachelor's degree in another field, you may qualify for a 12-month ABSN program, which condenses your training into a shorter time frame. After graduation, you'll also need to pass the NCLEX-RN and apply for state licensure.
</p>
<h3 id="section---WhatSTheDifferenceBetweenAnRNAndAnLPN">What's the Difference Between an RN and an LPN?</h3>
<p>RNs and LPNs differ in education, job responsibilities, and scope of practice. Registered nurses provide more advanced care, such as administering IV medications, developing care plans, and coordinating with doctors and specialists. LPNs focus on basic patient care, such as monitoring vital signs, helping with hygiene, and assisting with feeding or mobility.
</p>
<p>Additionally, RNs must complete a college degree and pass the NCLEX-RN, while LPNs usually complete a one-year certificate and take the NCLEX-PN.
</p>
<h3 id="section---CanIBecomeANurseOnline">Can I Become a Nurse Online?</h3>
<p>Many nursing programs offer online coursework, particularly for general education classes and RN-to-BSN programs. However, all accredited nursing degrees require in-person clinical experience, which cannot be completed online.
</p>
<p>Some schools offer hybrid formats, allowing you to complete theory courses remotely and attend clinical rotations at a local facility. Online options can provide greater flexibility, especially for working adults or parents.
</p>
<h3 id="section---HowMuchDoesNursingSchoolCost">How Much Does Nursing School Cost?</h3>
<p>Nursing school tuition varies based on the type of degree and institution. Community college ADN programs can cost about $5,000 to $10,000, while BSN programs at universities may range from $20,000 to $50,000 or more.
</p>
<p>Many <a href="https://learn.org/articles/cheap_online_colleges_that_accept_fafsa.html">online colleges that accept FAFSA</a> provide financial aid options, including federal loans, grants, and scholarships for nursing students. You might also find a <a href="https://learn.org/articles/hospitals_with_tuition_reimbursement.html">hospital that pays for nursing school</a> if you meet the requirements as an employee.
</p>
<h3 id="section---WhatKindOfLaptopDoINeedForNursingSchool">What Kind of Laptop Do I Need for Nursing School?</h3>
<p>Most nursing programs require students to have a reliable laptop for coursework, research, and exam prep. The <a href="https://learn.org/articles/best_laptops_nursing_students.html">best laptops for nursing students</a> can run online learning platforms, video conferencing tools, and any simulation or medical software your school uses.
</p>
<p>A fast processor, at least 8GB of RAM, and long battery life are key features to look for. Some programs may also have specific system requirements, so it's a good idea to check with your school before purchasing.
</p>
<h2 id="section---FindANursingDegreeProgramNearYou">Find a Nursing Degree Program Near You</h2>
<p>Becoming a registered nurse involves academic preparation, clinical experience, licensure, and a commitment to lifelong learning. If you're ready to start your journey, explore programs, connect with advisors, and take your first step into nursing by contacting one of the many accredited nursing degree programs featured on Learn.org.
</p>
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