Majors With the Highest & Lowest Unemployment Rates in 2025

Choosing a college major is one of the most important decisions you'll make as a student. It not only shapes your academic experience but also influences your employment prospects and earning potential after graduation. Some majors open the door to fast-growing, high-paying careers, while others may require more effort to find a job or earn a competitive salary. Understanding which degrees offer the strongest return on investment can help you make a more informed choice.

In this article, you'll find detailed lists of college majors with both the highest and lowest unemployment rates, as well as average salaries by field. You'll also learn how your major can impact long-term career stability and what steps you can take to reduce unemployment risk. Whether you're exploring career-focused programs or looking into most popular college majors, this breakdown can help you evaluate your options with clarity.

Majors With the Highest Unemployment Rates

The following list highlights college majors with the highest unemployment rate based on recent data from the New York Federal Reserve, U.S. Census Bureau, and education researchers. These majors have seen elevated jobless rates for recent graduates, often due to narrow job markets, oversaturation, or economic shifts. If you're considering one of these fields, it may be helpful to explore double majors, internships, or related industries with better job prospects.

1. Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of human cultures, languages, and societies, often blending social science with research and historical analysis. While it offers a rich academic foundation, the unemployment rate for anthropology majors is 9.4%, making it one of the highest among recent graduates.

This is largely because job openings specific to anthropology, such as cultural researcher or academic anthropologist, are limited, and competition for those roles is high. Many employers in adjacent fields may also prioritize candidates with more technical or business-focused degrees.

2. Physics

A degree in physics focuses on matter, energy, and the fundamental laws of nature. Students gain skills in math, analysis, and problem-solving, which are valuable across many industries.

Despite this versatility, physics majors face a 7.8% unemployment rate. The issue isn't a lack of career value, but rather a mismatch between academic training and immediate entry-level job availability. Without a graduate degree or specialized experience, many physics grads struggle to secure employment directly related to their field.

3. Computer Engineering

Computer engineering combines electrical engineering and computer science, focusing on hardware systems, embedded software, and device design. Although the tech field continues to grow overall, computer engineering majors have a 7.5% unemployment rate.

This can be attributed to rapid shifts in technology demand, a slowdown in hardware manufacturing roles, and increased competition from software-focused majors. Many companies now prefer specialized skills in areas like AI, cybersecurity, or data science, leaving general computer engineering grads with fewer clear pathways.

4. Commercial Art and Graphic Design

A degree in commercial art and graphic design prepares students to create visual content for advertising, branding, digital media, and print. It combines creative skills with software proficiency in tools like Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop.

Even though there is a demand for digital content, this major has a 7.2% unemployment rate. One reason is the oversupply of graduates in a competitive field where freelance and contract work dominate. Many employers also expect strong portfolios and real-world experience, making it harder for new graduates to land full-time roles right away.

5. Fine Arts

Fine arts degrees typically focus on studio practices such as painting, sculpture, printmaking, or mixed media. Students develop their creative expression and conceptual thinking, often preparing for careers in gallery work, art education, or independent creation.

The unemployment rate for fine arts majors is 7%. This higher rate is largely due to limited traditional job openings and inconsistent income streams for artists. Many positions require networking, commissions, or self-employment, which can delay financial stability after graduation.

6. Sociology

Sociology explores human behavior, social structures, and institutions through research and data analysis. Graduates often pursue roles in public policy, human services, or nonprofit work. With a 6.7% unemployment rate, sociology remains one of the higher-risk majors for job placement after college.

While the degree offers a broad understanding of social dynamics, it may not provide specific job-ready skills. Many roles in the field require graduate education or are subject to limited funding, particularly in government and research sectors.

7. Computer Science

A computer science degree focuses on programming, algorithms, data structures, and software development. It's widely seen as a pathway to high-paying tech jobs, yet recent graduates face a 6.1% unemployment rate. This elevated rate reflects an oversaturation of entry-level applicants in certain markets and the rapid evolution of tech skills.

Some employers prioritize candidates with hands-on experience, internships, or specific certifications. Additionally, shifts in hiring trends, such as automation and cost-cutting in big tech, have made it harder for new graduates to secure positions without specialized training.

8. Chemistry

Chemistry majors study the composition, structure, and properties of matter, often preparing for roles in pharmaceuticals, research labs, or environmental science. The field develops strong analytical and laboratory skills.

However, the unemployment rate for chemistry graduates is 6.1%. One reason is that many research and lab positions require advanced degrees or certifications. Entry-level roles are limited and highly competitive, and some graduates may find themselves underemployed or working outside their field while pursuing further education.

9. Information Systems and Management

A degree in information systems (IS) and management blends business strategy with technology, preparing students to oversee IT operations, manage databases, and analyze systems performance. While the field is essential in many industries, the unemployment rate for graduates stands at 5.6%.

This is higher than expected due to evolving employer demands for cloud computing, cybersecurity, and data analytics skills—areas that may not be deeply covered in general IS programs. In addition, many entry-level roles require hands-on experience or certifications, which recent graduates may lack.

10. Public Policy and Law

Public policy and law degrees focus on political systems, legal frameworks, and the policy-making process. Students learn to analyze legislation, advocate for change, and work in government or nonprofit roles.

Despite the social importance of the field, the unemployment rate is 5.5%. The job market is limited by funding constraints in public institutions and a strong preference for candidates with graduate degrees, such as a Master of Public Policy (MPP) or Juris Doctor (JD). As a result, recent bachelor's degree holders may face difficulty securing full-time employment in policy-related positions.

Majors With the Lowest Unemployment Rates

If you're looking for college majors with the lowest unemployment rate, some degrees offer much stronger job security right after graduation according to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. These programs often focus on practical skills and align closely with growing industries such as health care, construction, and engineering. Many of these are also considered degrees with the best ROI.

1. Nutrition Sciences

A degree in nutrition sciences prepares students to understand the relationship between food, health, and disease prevention. Graduates often work in clinical settings, community health programs, or food service management.

With an unemployment rate of just 0.4%, nutrition sciences is one of the most successful majors in terms of job placement. The demand for registered dietitians and health educators continues to grow due to increased public focus on wellness, preventive care, and chronic disease management.

2. Construction Services

Students in construction services programs learn to coordinate crews, interpret blueprints, ensure safety compliance, and estimate materials and labor costs. Unlike many classroom-based majors, this field centers on real-world problem-solving and hands-on decision-making.

Its 0.7% unemployment rate reflects consistent demand in both the public and private sectors. As cities expand and aging infrastructure requires updates, employers continue to seek professionals who can oversee projects efficiently, especially amid ongoing labor shortages in the trades.

3. Animal and Plant Sciences

Animal and plant sciences offer a practical path for students interested in agriculture, environmental systems, or biological research. Courses often cover crop production, soil science, ecology, and animal biology, preparing graduates for roles in conservation, food supply chains, or veterinary fields.

Jobs in this area remain widely available across both government agencies and private industry. The field's low unemployment rate, just 1%, is supported by the ongoing need to maintain sustainable agriculture, manage natural resources, and support global food systems. This steady demand makes it a dependable major for long-term employment.

4. Civil Engineering

Students in civil engineering programs study structural design, materials science, fluid dynamics, and construction planning to prepare for careers in infrastructure development. The degree focuses on practical solutions to real-world challenges, from transportation systems to water supply networks.

Job prospects remain steady thanks to the constant need for infrastructure upgrades and new development in growing urban areas. Whether working for public agencies or private firms, civil engineering graduates are well-positioned to enter a workforce that values technical expertise and long-term project planning. The field's 1% unemployment rate reflects this strong and consistent demand.

5. Special Education

Special education degrees prepare students to teach and support children with disabilities, learning differences, or behavioral needs across various age groups. With a 1% unemployment rate, it remains one of the most reliable paths to employment in education.

The success of this major is largely due to persistent teacher shortages in special education, especially in underserved areas. Schools nationwide continue to seek qualified professionals who can deliver individualized instruction and meet legal requirements for inclusive education.

6. Agriculture

Agriculture majors explore the science and economics behind food production, including topics like plant cultivation, soil health, agribusiness operations, and sustainable farming practices. The degree equips students with both technical knowledge and hands-on experience to address modern agricultural challenges.

Because food systems are essential to daily life, demand for skilled professionals in this field stays relatively constant. Roles in crop management, agricultural technology, and resource planning are available in both public and private sectors. The industry's stability is reflected in its low 1.2% unemployment rate, driven by the need to support food security and respond to environmental shifts.

7. Early Childhood Education

Working with young children requires a specialized understanding of developmental milestones, instructional strategies, and emotional support—skills that are central to early childhood education programs. Students learn how to create safe, engaging learning environments and support foundational literacy and social growth.

Employment in this field remains steady, with a 1.3% unemployment rate reflecting the consistent need for early educators across schools, childcare centers, and public programs. As more states invest in expanding preschool access, demand for trained professionals in this area continues to grow, making it a reliable option for those pursuing a career in education.

8. Aerospace Engineering

Designing and testing aircraft, satellites, and propulsion systems requires a deep understanding of physics, advanced mathematics, and engineering mechanics, which are all core components of an aerospace engineering curriculum. Students gain experience with simulation tools, structural analysis, and aerodynamics.

Career opportunities are consistently strong in sectors like defense, aviation, and space exploration, where technical precision and specialized knowledge are in high demand. The field's 1.4% unemployment rate reflects a workforce that relies on highly trained engineers to meet strict safety and performance standards across government and industry projects.

9. Nursing

A nursing degree prepares students to become registered nurses (RNs) through coursework in anatomy, pharmacology, and clinical care. With a 1.4% unemployment rate, nursing remains one of the most dependable majors for job placement.

The success of this field is driven by an aging population, healthcare worker shortages, and the ongoing need for skilled professionals in hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. Nursing also offers multiple career pathways and strong job security across the country.

10. Mechanical Engineering

From engines and HVAC systems to robotics and manufacturing tools, mechanical engineering programs prepare students to work on a wide range of machines and mechanical processes. Coursework typically includes thermodynamics, materials science, and computer-aided design.

Because the skills gained apply to many industries, such as automotive, aerospace, energy, and industrial design, graduates are in demand across both established and emerging sectors. The 1.5% unemployment rate reflects this versatility, as employers continue to seek professionals who can develop efficient, reliable systems for a variety of technical challenges.

What Are the Most Stable Careers?

The most stable careers tend to exist in industries that provide essential services, resist automation, and maintain consistent demand regardless of economic changes. Health care is one of the most reliable sectors, with careers like registered nurses, physician assistants, and medical technicians offering long-term job security.

Education is another stable field, especially for special education teachers and early childhood educators, because schools consistently need qualified staff. Jobs in public safety, such as police officers and firefighters, also provide steady employment due to their critical role in community well-being.

Plus, skilled trades like plumbing, electrical work, and HVAC maintenance remain secure as they require hands-on expertise that can't be easily outsourced or automated. Government roles across various departments tend to offer strong job protections, particularly in areas like public health, transportation, and administration.

Majors With the Lowest Average Salary

While some degrees lead to high-paying roles in business, engineering, or technology, others tend to offer more modest earnings, especially in fields that focus on caregiving, education, or community support. These majors can be deeply rewarding and essential to society, but they often come with lower financial returns after graduation.

These figures show that many graduates in education and caregiving professions earn less than peers in more technical or corporate fields, despite the critical nature of their work. According to national salary data, here are some college majors with the lowest average salary:

• Theology and religion: $45,300
• Family and consumer sciences: $48,000
• Early childhood education: $49,000
• Elementary education: $62,310
• Social services: $61,330
• Special education: $64,270
• Secondary education: $64,580
• Health services: $65,000

Majors With the Highest Average Salary

If you're looking to maximize your earning potential after graduation, certain degrees consistently lead to high-paying careers. The highest-paying college majors emphasize technical skills, data analysis, and problem-solving—qualities that are in high demand across multiple industries.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the following majors offer some of the strongest financial returns:

• Computer engineering: $155,020
• Aerospace engineering: $134,830
• Computer science: $130,390
• Electrical engineering: $118,780
• Economics: $115,440
• Mechanical engineering: $102,320
• Finance: $101,910
• Industrial engineering: $101,140

FAQs About Major Choice and Employment

Choosing a college major can have a lasting impact on your job prospects and financial future. While some degrees offer clear pathways to stable employment, others may require additional experience or credentials to be competitive. These frequently asked questions can help you understand how your major choice may affect your career opportunities, salary potential, and long-term job stability.

Do STEM Majors Always Have the Lowest Unemployment Rates?

STEM majors don't always have the lowest unemployment rates. While STEM majors like engineering and computer science often lead to low unemployment, some STEM fields, such as physics or certain engineering disciplines, can still face higher jobless rates, especially at the entry level. Employment depends on market demand, experience, and specialization.

Can Liberal Arts Majors Still Get Good Jobs?

Yes, but it often requires additional skills or experience. Liberal arts majors may need to supplement their degrees with internships, certifications, or graduate study to compete in certain industries. Fields like communications, public relations, and nonprofit work frequently hire liberal arts graduates.

Does the College I Attend Affect My Employment Chances?

It can, particularly for competitive fields. Employers may consider school reputation, alumni networks, and access to internships. However, work experience, relevant skills, and strong networking often matter more than where you earned your degree.

Are There Any High-Paying 2-Year Degrees?

Yes, many high-paying 2-year degrees in fields like diagnostic medical sonography, radiation therapy, and electrical technology offer strong salaries and solid job prospects. These programs often take less time and cost less than a bachelor's degree.

How Can I Reduce Unemployment Risk With My Major?

You can lower your risk by gaining real-world experience through internships, co-ops, or part-time jobs in your field. Choosing in-demand specializations, earning certifications, and networking with professionals also improve your chances of finding employment after graduation.

Are Graduate Degrees Required for Low-Unemployment Majors?

Many low-unemployment majors, like nursing, civil engineering, or early childhood education, offer strong job prospects at the bachelor's level. However, some fields may require graduate degrees for career advancement or to access specialized roles.

Browse the Most Popular Degrees

Whether you're planning for job security or high earnings, Learn.org can help you explore degrees in education, business, healthcare, and more. Use the site to compare programs, review career outcomes, and find the right fit for your goals.