Is Sociology a Social Science?

Social sciences are fields that study human behavior and organizations. They differ from natural sciences, which cover physical elements and concepts like chemistry, geology, and physics.

There are many subfields of social sciences. Sociology is a type of social science focusing on human societies. Keep reading to learn more about sociology and its role within the social sciences field.

What Is Sociology?

Sociology is a field that examines how society influences individuals and how individuals also influence society. Sociologists study social life, social change, and the impact of human behavior on society. They often observe and research topics concepts involving:

• family dynamics
• relationships between two people
• interactions with strangers
• race, gender, and class within a society
• social power dynamics
• religion and culture within a society

Because society is so broad, sociology is equally broad. Sociologists explore many subfields of sociology, including:

• theoretical society
• historical society
• sociology of knowledge
• sociology of criminology
• sociology of law
• sociology of religion
• sociology of the economy
• urban sociology
• rural sociology

Sociology degree programs usually provide a foundation in sociology by covering various concepts. Sociology courses may cover sociology theory and social science research methods, as well as the sociology of gender, race, and ethnicity.

Because sociology degrees teach students about society and provide valuable skills, like research and communication skills, they can lead to various careers.

What Is a Social Science?

Social science is the study of people and social interactions. It has many facets, and professionals in this field may study individuals, communities, societies, or cultures.

Sociology is a social science, but it's far from the only one. Other common social science fields include:

• anthropology
• criminology
• education
• linguistics
• political science
• psychology

Each of these fields of study is made up of smaller subfields and specializations that help researchers understand human beings and our social interactions.

Reasons Why Sociology Is Considered a Social Science

The social sciences study human behavior and the social institutions in which humans interact. Sociology is the study of human society, which is the broad structure that holds these social institutions.

As a result, sociology is one of the broadest of the social sciences. Below, we've broken down a few reasons sociology is considered a social science.

Focus on Social Structures

Social structures are the multitude of interconnected relationships between different types of social groups and social institutions. They include communities, families, social networks, and more.

Many of these social structures are their own academic disciplines in the social sciences. Sociology, however, studies how these different social structures impact society, social behavior, and social movements.

For example, while political science studies the social structure of politics, sociology might look at what role political science plays in society as a whole. This type of sociological perspective gives sociologists a broader perspective within the social sciences.

Use of Empirical Research Methods

Empirical research is based on verifiable evidence gathered through observation and experimentation. There are two types of empirical research: qualitative research (e.g., interviews and case studies) and quantitative research (e.g., surveys and experiments).

To understand human society better, experts must conduct sociological research. They may conduct sociology studies using the scientific method or refer to secondary research completed by others.

Other types of social scientists work on this as well. They conduct research using an empirical methodology to understand concepts in their field.

Application to Real-World Problems

Many types of social sciences apply to real-world problems. This is because they focus on real-world people and their interactions.

An anthropologist might try to solve issues of sexism within a culture, while a sociologist tries to understand how a culture's sexism impacts society.

A social worker might try to solve the problem of navigating confusing social systems, while a sociologist might look at how a failure to make these systems easy to navigate strains society.

The empirical research done by all branches of social sciences can then lead to solving real issues within our social world.

What Distinguishes Sociology From Other Social Sciences?

Although sociology has much in common with other types of social sciences, several things distinguish it from these other fields of study.

Specifically, sociology is the study of society. It looks at different aspects of human behavior and society, and their contexts. For example, sociologists may look at subject matter like:

• social deviance and crime
• social phenomena
• social processes
• social class
• social justice

Because so many things impact society, sociology is naturally an interdisciplinary field with many crossovers with other social sciences. For example, social class is often tied to economics, and social justice is usually connected to social work.

Similarly, many subfields of sociology crossover with other fields of social sciences. Economists may study the economy, but sociologists may study the sociology of the economy.

Other fields of social sciences may also study sociology, though not in a way that's as broad as a sociology program. For example, social psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies how social interactions affect an individual.