What are the Requirements for Earning a Doctorate Degree?

<p>Some doctoral-degree programs require candidates to hold master's degrees, but most accept candidates who have earned bachelor's degrees from reputable colleges or universities. All transcripts must be submitted. Letters of recommendation, personal interviews and college admission test scores might also be required. The admission test will depend on the academic field of the doctorate program; the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and the Miller Analogies Test (MAT) are the most common, but business schools may require the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) scores. </p> <h3 id="section---FactsAboutCareerProspectsForDoctoralDegreeHolders">Facts About Career Prospects for Doctoral Degree Holders</h3> <p /> <table border="1"><tr><td>Number of Doctoral Degrees Conferred (2019-20) </td><td> 190,200*</td></tr> <tr><td>Percentage of Jobs That Require This Degree (in U.S.) </td><td> 4.2%**</td></tr> <tr><td>Common Careers </td><td> Researcher, Postsecondary Teacher, Psychologist</td></tr> <tr><td>Common Fields of Study </td><td> Mathematics, Computer Sciences, Epidemiology, Education</td></tr> <tr><td>Median Salary (2021)</td><td>$79,640 <i>(Postsecondary Teachers)</i>**</td></tr> <tr><td>Job Outlook (2021-2031)</td><td>12% growth <i>(Postsecondary Teachers)</i>**</td></tr> </table><p><i>Sources: *National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), **U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)</i> </p> <h3 id="section---CourseworkRequirements">Coursework Requirements</h3> <p>Students who hold master's degrees have fewer course requirements than those who enter with bachelor's degrees. Doctoral-level coursework includes some classes in the chosen field with a strong focus on research methods and design. Because most Ph.D. holders will eventually become professors, doctoral-degree students might be required to teach undergraduate classes. </p> <h3 id="section---ResearchRequirements">Research Requirements</h3> <p>Students in doctoral-degree programs begin doing research with professors in the first or second year of study. From the third year on, they focus their efforts on original research and writing, which is known as the dissertation. A committee of professors advises students on their research concepts and proposals. </p> <h3 id="section---ExaminationRequirements">Examination Requirements</h3> <p>Many doctoral-degree programs require students to pass comprehensive examinations in their chosen subjects at the end of the first or second year. If they pass, they advance to the candidacy phase. </p> <h3 id="section---TheOralDefense">The Oral Defense</h3> <p>Doctoral students must submit their finished dissertations to special committees. After the committee has reviewed the dissertation, students must answer questions about their research methods and conclusions. If students have worked with a committee from the beginning of the research process, the dissertation defense should go more smoothly. Once the committee approves the dissertation, candidates are awarded Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees.</p>